Frequently Asked Questions


What is polyurethane spray foam insulation?

Spray polyurethane, commonly referred to as SPF, is a spray applied liquid that expands many times the applied volume to form an insulating plastic foam that adheres tenaciously to all building materials. The base chemistry can be tweaked to produce rigid or flexible foams.

Flexible foams are typically used for cushioning, i.e. seat cushions and carpet padding. Rigid foams are used for insulating, roofing systems and to add structural strength.
 

Are there different types of SPF?

Yes! The most notable difference is the density or the weight per cubic foot which equates to R-value. The lighter or open cell foams have a density of 0.5 and an R-value of 3.5 per inch, roughly the same as fiberglass insulation. On the other hand the denser closed cell foams (ccSPF) have a density of 2.0 and an R-value of 6.4 per inch. The closed cell insulating systems (Eco-Therm) have the highest R-value per inch available as an insulating medium.

Another major difference is permeance or resistance to moisture transfer and water absorption. For a material to be impervious to water absorption the perm measurement must be less than 1.0 (one). Open cell foams have a perm rating of 16, ccSPF has a perm rating of less that one at 0.84
 

What is the cost vs. other insulation mediums?

Typically SPF insulation cost between 3 and 4 times the cost of fiberglass batt, cellulose and blown-in insulations. Pay back is typically 4-5 years if only the 30% to 40% energy cost savings are considered, but there are other cost savings to be considered.

ECO-THERM SPF insulation being impervious to moisture, eliminates the need for additional moisture barriers and building wraps. The per inch R-value of 6.5 will yield a total 2x4 built wall R-value of 25.5, to achieve an equal R-value with other insulation mediums would require 2x6 built walls increasing building costs 30%. Sealing the building envelope and eliminating exterior air infiltration will allow for the engineered down sizing of the HVAC system. The builder will qualify for an IRS energy efficient tax credit.

www.resnet.us/taxcredits
www.energystar.gov/taxcredits
   

Is SPF durable?

Yes! Unlike fiberglass batt, cellulose or blown-in insulation mediums, ccSPF will not sage, degrade or loose R-value over time. The tenacious adhesion and low permeance of ccSPF abate the conditions that contribute to insulation degradation, air, moisture and dust transferring through the insulation medium.
 

Does ccSPF add structural strength and sustainability to the  building?

Yes! The dense tight closed cell structure and adhesion of ccSPF adds substantial strength and protection to the building structure. Strong winds can impose lateral forces on a buildings walls, these forces are called "shearing force". Rack and shear testing performed by the National Association of Home Builders Research Center*, to simulate high wind events. Test panels insulated with ccSPF showed an 85% improvement over 2x4 panels constructed and insulated with fiberglass insulation. The testing also included tests with metal stud construction and showed a 300% improvement in strength**.

 *Test results are reported in "Testing and Adoption of Spray Polyurethane Foam for Wood Frame Building Construction" (May 25,1992). Prepared by The NAHB Research Center for the Society of the Plastics Industry/Spray Polyurethane Foam Division.

 **Test results are reported in a letter from Bob Dewey, Mechanical Engineer, NAHB Research Center to Mason Knowles, The Society of the Plastics Industry/Spray Polyurethene Foam Division (November 18, 1996)

    

Are there fire risks associated with SPF?

No! Polyurethane Foam is an organic material and all organic materials are combustable, but SPF will not substain a flame when the ignition source is removed. Formulated with flame retardants to decrease flame spread as measured by ASTM E-84 and other tests. Of importance, SPF will not melt and puddle like styrofoam panels. All building codes require the installation of a thermal barrier covering on the surface of SPF, in all of the building occupied space. The thermal barrier will protect the insulation in event of a fire for at least 15 minutes as defined by code. 1/2 inch gypsum board (drywall) is an approved thermal barrier. Code also requires the surface of SPF be protected in the building unoccupied space, that is accessible for maintenance (HVAC or plumbing) with an ignition barrier. This code requirement is addressed with the application of an approved  Intumescent Latex Paint .

www.painttoprotect.com
 

Are there any potential allergy or health side effects associated with ccSPF?

No! Probably the first point of comparison is; this is the same chemistry that's in your seat cushions and carpet padding, it's just rigid foam. Tested and documented in the Journal of American Medical Association, once cured there are no long health effects related to ccSPF. In the pre-reacted state during the application, appropriate respiratory protection is required.